Consumer Initiated Slashing
A consumer chain is essentially a regular Cosmos-SDK based chain that uses the ICS consumer module to achieve economic security by stake deposited on the provider chain, instead of its own chain. In essence, the provider chain and consumer chains are different networks (different infrastructures) that share a subset of the provider's validator set. By being bound to the provider's validator set, a consumer chain inherits some of the economic security guarantees of the provider chain.
To maintain the proof of stake model, the consumer chain is able to send evidence of infractions (double signing and downtime) to the provider chain so the offending validators can be penalized. Any infraction committed on any of the consumer chains is reflected on the provider and all other consumer chains.
The ICS protocol differentiates between downtime and equivocation infractions.
Downtime Infractions
Downtime infractions are reported by consumer chains and are acted upon on the provider as soon as they are received. The provider will jail and slash the offending validator. The jailing duration and slashing fraction are determined by the consumer's downtime infraction parameters on the provider chain. By default, validators are only jailed for downtime on consumer chains that they opted in to validate on, or in the case of Top N chains, where they are automatically opted in by being in the Top N% of the validator set on the provider.
For preventing malicious consumer chains from harming the provider, slash throttling (also known as jail throttling) ensures that only a fraction of the provider validator set can be jailed at any given time.
Equivocation Infractions
Equivocation infractions are reported by external agents (e.g., relayers) that can submit to the provider evidence of light client or double signing attacks observed on a consumer chain.
The evidence is submitted by sending MsgSubmitConsumerMisbehaviour or MsgSubmitConsumerDoubleVoting messages to the provider.
When valid evidence is received, the malicious validators are slashed, jailed, and tombstoned on the provider. The jailing duration and slashing fraction are determined by the consumer's double sign infraction parameters on the provider chain.
This is enabled through the cryptographic verification of equivocation feature.
For more details, see ADR-005 and ADR-013.
Report equivocation infractions through CLI
The ICS provider module offers two commands for submitting evidence of misbehavior originating from a consumer chain. Below are two examples illustrating the process on Cosmos Hub.
Use the following command to submit evidence of double signing attacks:
gaiad tx provider submit-consumer-double-voting [consumer-id] [path/to/evidence.json] [path/to/infraction_header.json] --from node0 --home ../node0 --chain-id $CID
Example of evidence.json
{
"vote_a": {
"type": 1,
"height": 25,
"round": 0,
"block_id": {
"hash": "tBBWTqjECl31S/clZGoxLdDqs93kTvy3qhpPqET/laY=",
"part_set_header": {
"total": 1,
"hash": "ai2qCLgVZAFph4FJ4Cqw5QW1GZKR4zjOv0bI/Um5AIc="
}
},
"timestamp": "2023-11-20T12:57:54.565207Z",
"validator_address": "aCG1hw85Zz7Ylgpsy263IJVJEMA=",
"signature": "y9yILm9hmv45BZwAaaq9mS1FpH7QeAIJ5Jkcc3U2/k5uks9cuqr4NTIwaIrqMSMKwxVyqiR56xmCT59a6AngAA=="
},
"vote_b": {
"type": 1,
"height": 25,
"round": 0,
"block_id": {
"hash": "3P06pszgPatuIdLTP5fDWiase4SYHIq9YXGSbRk9/50=",
"part_set_header": {
"total": 1,
"hash": "S+SbOMxFRzfeNNpX9/jyFMz94VwBKk7Dpx6ZyvSYyNU="
}
},
"timestamp": "2023-11-20T12:57:54.599273Z",
"validator_address": "aCG1hw85Zz7Ylgpsy263IJVJEMA=",
"validator_index": 0,
"signature": "DGFcn4Um1t2kXW60+JhMk5cj7ZFdE5goKVOGiZkLwnNv43+6aGmOWjoq0SHYVzM4MwSwOwbhgZNbkWX+EHGUBw=="
},
"total_voting_power": 300,
"validator_power": 100,
"timestamp": "2023-11-20T12:57:51.267308Z"
}
Example of infraction_header.json
{
"signed_header": {
"header": {
"version": {
"block": 11,
"app": 2
},
"chain_id": "consumer",
"height": 22,
"time": "2023-11-20T12:57:40.479686Z",
"last_block_id": {
"hash": "L63hyLJ+y9+fpb7WYKdmmBhPHwbfEGQEuKmvGzyBPiY=",
"part_set_header": {
"total": 18,
"hash": "euzRQjN7MjGtM6skXM4B8wOgAldWGfZSJRA9JRlO42s="
}
},
"last_commit_hash": "qdDJwVziW3pPqmf8QDGZG+5HVd3OF7fCVh2Z8KQqNVU=",
"data_hash": "47DEQpj8HBSa+/TImW+5JCeuQeRkm5NMpJWZG3hSuFU=",
"validators_hash": "pVc+gSYkGesaP3OkK4ig3DBi4o9/GCdXGtO/PQ6i/Ik=",
"next_validators_hash": "pVc+gSYkGesaP3OkK4ig3DBi4o9/GCdXGtO/PQ6i/Ik=",
"consensus_hash": "BICRvH3cKD93v7+R1zxE2ljD34qcvIZ0Bdi389qtoi8=",
"app_hash": "Yu3HX62w7orbbY/pm2QEK7yIwR+AlNdjSSqiK1kmuJM=",
"last_results_hash": "Yu3HX62w7orbbY/pm2QEK7yIwR+AlNdjSSqiK1kmuJM=",
"evidence_hash": "47DEQpj8HBSa+/TImW+5JCeuQeRkm5NMpJWZG3hSuFU=",
"proposer_address": "aCG1hw85Zz7Ylgpsy263IJVJEMA="
},
"commit": {
"height": 22,
"round": 1,
"block_id": {
"hash": "PKrS32IEZoFY2q2S3iQ68HQL751ieBhf5Eu/Y5Z/QPg=",
"part_set_header": {
"total": 1,
"hash": "8UuA7Oqw5AH/KOacpmHVSMOIDe4l2eC8VmdH2mzcpiM="
}
},
"signatures": [
{
"block_id_flag": 2,
"validator_address": "aCG1hw85Zz7Ylgpsy263IJVJEMA=",
"timestamp": "2023-11-20T12:57:44.076538Z",
"signature": "bSOH4+Vg2I37zeJphOguGOD0GK3JzM1ghSgJd0UlW/DHn1u9Hvv4EekHuCu6qwRLZcuS/ZxNlmr9qYNfxX3bDA=="
},
{
"block_id_flag": 2,
"validator_address": "i/A830FM7cfmA8yTn9n3xBg5XpU=",
"timestamp": "2020-01-02T00:07:00Z",
"signature": "7bXSDtlOwGK/gLEsFpTWOzm2TFoaARrWQUpbgWEwKtLlUs7iE06TOvJ3yPPfTfqqN/qYnvxxgjl0M0EhUWu5Bg=="
},
{
"block_id_flag": 2,
"validator_address": "lrQDkJ2fk7UAgNzRZfcwMKSYa2E=",
"timestamp": "2023-11-20T12:57:44.076519Z",
"signature": "Pb6G4bCg4wafmV89WNnzXxbSCknZUHnSQfSCE5QMFxPtSUIN4A7SK5m7yltqMJF5zkyenlFiEI4J3OZ4KCjCAw=="
},
{
"block_id_flag": 2,
"validator_address": "+R94nXSeM1Z49e/CXpyHT3M+h3k=",
"timestamp": "2023-11-20T12:57:44.057451Z",
"signature": "j3EasIHNYA6MxW/PiWyruzHsjVsBV9t11W6Qx800WMm/+P+CkfR+UZAp7MPTvKZEZFuh3GUsBtyfb/vA+jJWCw=="
}
]
}
},
"validator_set": {
"validators": [
{
"address": "aCG1hw85Zz7Ylgpsy263IJVJEMA=",
"pub_key": {
"ed25519": "dtn+SfD+4QLo0+t0hAoP6Q2sGjh0XEI3LWVG+doh3u0="
},
"voting_power": 100,
"proposer_priority": -200
},
{
"address": "lrQDkJ2fk7UAgNzRZfcwMKSYa2E=",
"pub_key": {
"ed25519": "UgN2JsjPy2WLh7dzJRBkUQtdgNoT4/uGj7kbIVqqHT8="
},
"voting_power": 100,
"proposer_priority": 100
},
{
"address": "+R94nXSeM1Z49e/CXpyHT3M+h3k=",
"pub_key": {
"ed25519": "5svW8261x+cZosp2xIhqzgt2tyuawrSDyHlpbgS3BC4="
},
"voting_power": 100,
"proposer_priority": 100
},
{
"address": "aCG1hw85Zz7Ylgpsy263IJVJEMA=",
"pub_key": {
"ed25519": "dtn+SfD+4QLo0+t0hAoP6Q2sGjh0XEI3LWVG+doh3u0="
},
"voting_power": 100,
"proposer_priority": -200
}
],
"proposer": {
"address": "VUz+QceJ8Nu7GbJuVItwsfVjybA=",
"pub_key": {
"ed25519": "0s8KDTgEcwmOBrHWvV7mtBlItJ3upgM1FJsciwREdy4="
},
"voting_power": 1,
"proposer_priority": -3
}
},
"trusted_height": {
"revision_height": 18
},
"trusted_validators": {
"validators": [
{
"address": "VUz+QceJ8Nu7GbJuVItwsfVjybA=",
"pub_key": {
"ed25519": "0s8KDTgEcwmOBrHWvV7mtBlItJ3upgM1FJsciwREdy4="
},
"voting_power": 1,
"proposer_priority": -3
},
{
"address": "i/A830FM7cfmA8yTn9n3xBg5XpU=",
"pub_key": {
"ed25519": "FCmIw7hSuiAoWk/2f4LuGQ+3zx5101xiqU8DoC5wGkg="
},
"voting_power": 1,
"proposer_priority": 1
},
{
"address": "2DrZF0roNnnvEy4NS2aY811ncKg=",
"pub_key": {
"ed25519": "MI9c6sphsWlx0RAHCYOjMRXMFkTUaEYwOiOKG/0tsMs="
},
"voting_power": 1,
"proposer_priority": 1
},
{
"address": "73aN0uOc5b/Zfq2Xcjl0kH2r+tw=",
"pub_key": {
"ed25519": "gWNcDup4mdnsuqET4QeFRzVb+FnSP4Vz3iNMj5wvWXk="
},
"voting_power": 1,
"proposer_priority": 1
}
],
"proposer": {
"address": "VUz+QceJ8Nu7GbJuVItwsfVjybA=",
"pub_key": {
"ed25519": "0s8KDTgEcwmOBrHWvV7mtBlItJ3upgM1FJsciwREdy4="
},
"voting_power": 1,
"proposer_priority": -3
}
}
}
Use the following command to submit evidence of light client attacks:
gaiad tx provider submit-consumer-misbehaviour [consumer-id] [path/to/misbehaviour.json] --from node0 --home ../node0 --chain-id $CID
Example of misbehaviour.json
{
"client_id": "07-tendermint-0",
"header_1": {
"signed_header": {
"header": {
"version": {
"block": "11",
"app": "2"
},
"chain_id": "testchain2",
"height": "19",
"time": "2020-01-02T00:08:10Z",
"last_block_id": {
"hash": "AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA=",
"part_set_header": {
"total": 10000,
"hash": "AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA="
}
},
"last_commit_hash": "dPJh3vUG5ls8NeP/SBSEkIgTOzrkFOROqhKnuk2zRgc=",
"data_hash": "bW4ouLmLUycELqUKV91G5syFHHLlKL3qpu/e7v5moLg=",
"validators_hash": "ImwBH++bKKkm2NDCwOxRn04P5GWWypgzeLVZWoc10+I=",
"next_validators_hash": "ImwBH++bKKkm2NDCwOxRn04P5GWWypgzeLVZWoc10+I=",
"consensus_hash": "5eVmxB7Vfj/4zBDxhBeHiLj6pgKwfPH0JSF72BefHyQ=",
"app_hash": "dPJh3vUG5ls8NeP/SBSEkIgTOzrkFOROqhKnuk2zRgc=",
"last_results_hash": "CS4FhjAkftYAmGOhLu4RfSbNnQi1rcqrN/KrNdtHWjc=",
"evidence_hash": "c4ZdsI9J1YQokF04mrTKS5bkWjIGx6adQ6Xcc3LmBxQ=",
"proposer_address": "CbKqPquy50bcrY7JRdW7zXybSuA="
},
"commit": {
"height": "19",
"round": 1,
"block_id": {
"hash": "W2xVqzPw03ZQ1kAMpcpht9WohwMzsGnyKKNjPYKDF6U=",
"part_set_header": {
"total": 3,
"hash": "hwgKOc/jNqZj6lwNm97vSTq9wYt8Pj4MjmYTVMGDFDI="
}
},
"signatures": [
{
"block_id_flag": "BLOCK_ID_FLAG_COMMIT",
"validator_address": "CbKqPquy50bcrY7JRdW7zXybSuA=",
"timestamp": "2020-01-02T00:08:10Z",
"signature": "PGTquCtnTNFFY5HfEFz9f9pA7PYqjtQfBwHq6cxF/Ux8OI6nVqyadD9a84Xm7fSm6mqdW+T6YVfqIKmIoRjJDQ=="
},
{
"block_id_flag": "BLOCK_ID_FLAG_COMMIT",
"validator_address": "Ua+R3vfKH1LWhRg/k8PbA/uSLnc=",
"timestamp": "2020-01-02T00:08:10Z",
"signature": "0e39yoBorwORAH/K9qJ7D1N1Yr7CutMiQJ+oiIK39eMhuoK3UWzQyMGRLzDOIDupf8yD99mvGVVAlNIODlV3Dg=="
},
{
"block_id_flag": "BLOCK_ID_FLAG_COMMIT",
"validator_address": "Uns+2wsfv6IYTpOnYfAnPplVzTE=",
"timestamp": "2020-01-02T00:08:10Z",
"signature": "lhc2tkwydag9D1iLQhdDCE8GgrHP94M1LbHFYMoL9tExaEq6RiFW/k71TQH5x96XQ9XYOznMIHKC2BDh4GlnAQ=="
},
{
"block_id_flag": "BLOCK_ID_FLAG_COMMIT",
"validator_address": "sS7FyKFPDEG7StI+4o3+6fZy1pY=",
"timestamp": "2020-01-02T00:08:10Z",
"signature": "8xeSBf0nSFs/X/rQ9CZLzwkJJhQBLA2jKdPGP3MlULxm992XxrOsIYq47u1daxvSsn6ql5OVYjzBNU0qbPpvCA=="
}
]
}
},
"validator_set": {
"validators": [
{
"address": "CbKqPquy50bcrY7JRdW7zXybSuA=",
"pub_key": {
"ed25519": "sUkpD9xhOgWna0dv4bSwI7N7CkyH6q1bBDPYhjRolaY="
},
"voting_power": "1",
"proposer_priority": "-3"
},
{
"address": "Ua+R3vfKH1LWhRg/k8PbA/uSLnc=",
"pub_key": {
"ed25519": "H+7myYFFaCBTAxPiYaTX4IZIRtaUu+rcJVp+doLxd8c="
},
"voting_power": "1",
"proposer_priority": "1"
},
{
"address": "Uns+2wsfv6IYTpOnYfAnPplVzTE=",
"pub_key": {
"ed25519": "QMHyl6i2OjmMEh73VXS5QBdsQ1vQ2mU3XzKGAhnKqmc="
},
"voting_power": "1",
"proposer_priority": "1"
},
{
"address": "sS7FyKFPDEG7StI+4o3+6fZy1pY=",
"pub_key": {
"ed25519": "uSNKjObXRHsNslEdqdublnVDa4Vc2aoCpr0j+Fuvv5U="
},
"voting_power": "1",
"proposer_priority": "1"
}
],
"proposer": {
"address": "CbKqPquy50bcrY7JRdW7zXybSuA=",
"pub_key": {
"ed25519": "sUkpD9xhOgWna0dv4bSwI7N7CkyH6q1bBDPYhjRolaY="
},
"voting_power": "1",
"proposer_priority": "-3"
},
"total_voting_power": "0"
},
"trusted_height": {
"revision_number": "0",
"revision_height": "18"
},
"trusted_validators": {
"validators": [
{
"address": "CbKqPquy50bcrY7JRdW7zXybSuA=",
"pub_key": {
"ed25519": "sUkpD9xhOgWna0dv4bSwI7N7CkyH6q1bBDPYhjRolaY="
},
"voting_power": "1",
"proposer_priority": "-3"
},
{
"address": "Ua+R3vfKH1LWhRg/k8PbA/uSLnc=",
"pub_key": {
"ed25519": "H+7myYFFaCBTAxPiYaTX4IZIRtaUu+rcJVp+doLxd8c="
},
"voting_power": "1",
"proposer_priority": "1"
},
{
"address": "Uns+2wsfv6IYTpOnYfAnPplVzTE=",
"pub_key": {
"ed25519": "QMHyl6i2OjmMEh73VXS5QBdsQ1vQ2mU3XzKGAhnKqmc="
},
"voting_power": "1",
"proposer_priority": "1"
},
{
"address": "sS7FyKFPDEG7StI+4o3+6fZy1pY=",
"pub_key": {
"ed25519": "uSNKjObXRHsNslEdqdublnVDa4Vc2aoCpr0j+Fuvv5U="
},
"voting_power": "1",
"proposer_priority": "1"
}
],
"proposer": {
"address": "CbKqPquy50bcrY7JRdW7zXybSuA=",
"pub_key": {
"ed25519": "sUkpD9xhOgWna0dv4bSwI7N7CkyH6q1bBDPYhjRolaY="
},
"voting_power": "1",
"proposer_priority": "-3"
},
"total_voting_power": "0"
}
},
"header_2": {
"signed_header": {
"header": {
"version": {
"block": "11",
"app": "2"
},
"chain_id": "testchain2",
"height": "19",
"time": "2020-01-02T00:08:20Z",
"last_block_id": {
"hash": "AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA=",
"part_set_header": {
"total": 10000,
"hash": "AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA="
}
},
"last_commit_hash": "dPJh3vUG5ls8NeP/SBSEkIgTOzrkFOROqhKnuk2zRgc=",
"data_hash": "bW4ouLmLUycELqUKV91G5syFHHLlKL3qpu/e7v5moLg=",
"validators_hash": "ImwBH++bKKkm2NDCwOxRn04P5GWWypgzeLVZWoc10+I=",
"next_validators_hash": "ImwBH++bKKkm2NDCwOxRn04P5GWWypgzeLVZWoc10+I=",
"consensus_hash": "5eVmxB7Vfj/4zBDxhBeHiLj6pgKwfPH0JSF72BefHyQ=",
"app_hash": "dPJh3vUG5ls8NeP/SBSEkIgTOzrkFOROqhKnuk2zRgc=",
"last_results_hash": "CS4FhjAkftYAmGOhLu4RfSbNnQi1rcqrN/KrNdtHWjc=",
"evidence_hash": "c4ZdsI9J1YQokF04mrTKS5bkWjIGx6adQ6Xcc3LmBxQ=",
"proposer_address": "CbKqPquy50bcrY7JRdW7zXybSuA="
},
"commit": {
"height": "19",
"round": 1,
"block_id": {
"hash": "IZM8NKS+8FHB7CBmgB8Nz7BRVVXiiyqMQDvHFUvgzxo=",
"part_set_header": {
"total": 3,
"hash": "hwgKOc/jNqZj6lwNm97vSTq9wYt8Pj4MjmYTVMGDFDI="
}
},
"signatures": [
{
"block_id_flag": "BLOCK_ID_FLAG_COMMIT",
"validator_address": "CbKqPquy50bcrY7JRdW7zXybSuA=",
"timestamp": "2020-01-02T00:08:20Z",
"signature": "pLIEZ4WSAtnMsgryujheHSq4+YG3RqTfMn2ZxgEymr0wyi+BNlQAKRtRfesm0vfYxvjzc/jhGqtUqHtSIaCwCQ=="
},
{
"block_id_flag": "BLOCK_ID_FLAG_COMMIT",
"validator_address": "Ua+R3vfKH1LWhRg/k8PbA/uSLnc=",
"timestamp": "2020-01-02T00:08:20Z",
"signature": "XG7iTe/spWyTUkT7XDzfLMpYqrdyqizE4/X4wl/W+1eaQp0WsCHYnvPU3x9NAnYfZzaKdonZiDWs7wacbZTcDg=="
},
{
"block_id_flag": "BLOCK_ID_FLAG_COMMIT",
"validator_address": "Uns+2wsfv6IYTpOnYfAnPplVzTE=",
"timestamp": "2020-01-02T00:08:20Z",
"signature": "TqegK7ORuICSy++wVdPHt8fL2WfPlYsMPv1XW79wUdcjnQkezOM50OSqYaP4ua5frIZsn+sWteDrlqFTdkl3BA=="
},
{
"block_id_flag": "BLOCK_ID_FLAG_COMMIT",
"validator_address": "sS7FyKFPDEG7StI+4o3+6fZy1pY=",
"timestamp": "2020-01-02T00:08:20Z",
"signature": "dhvp3XlIaCxx5MFDs0TCkAPHSm0PS2EtJzYAx2c/7MWdLwUJFZrAUTeimQE2c9i9ro91cjZn/vI0/oFRXab6Aw=="
}
]
}
},
"validator_set": {
"validators": [
{
"address": "CbKqPquy50bcrY7JRdW7zXybSuA=",
"pub_key": {
"ed25519": "sUkpD9xhOgWna0dv4bSwI7N7CkyH6q1bBDPYhjRolaY="
},
"voting_power": "1",
"proposer_priority": "-3"
},
{
"address": "Ua+R3vfKH1LWhRg/k8PbA/uSLnc=",
"pub_key": {
"ed25519": "H+7myYFFaCBTAxPiYaTX4IZIRtaUu+rcJVp+doLxd8c="
},
"voting_power": "1",
"proposer_priority": "1"
},
{
"address": "Uns+2wsfv6IYTpOnYfAnPplVzTE=",
"pub_key": {
"ed25519": "QMHyl6i2OjmMEh73VXS5QBdsQ1vQ2mU3XzKGAhnKqmc="
},
"voting_power": "1",
"proposer_priority": "1"
},
{
"address": "sS7FyKFPDEG7StI+4o3+6fZy1pY=",
"pub_key": {
"ed25519": "uSNKjObXRHsNslEdqdublnVDa4Vc2aoCpr0j+Fuvv5U="
},
"voting_power": "1",
"proposer_priority": "1"
}
],
"proposer": {
"address": "CbKqPquy50bcrY7JRdW7zXybSuA=",
"pub_key": {
"ed25519": "sUkpD9xhOgWna0dv4bSwI7N7CkyH6q1bBDPYhjRolaY="
},
"voting_power": "1",
"proposer_priority": "-3"
},
"total_voting_power": "0"
},
"trusted_height": {
"revision_number": "0",
"revision_height": "18"
},
"trusted_validators": {
"validators": [
{
"address": "CbKqPquy50bcrY7JRdW7zXybSuA=",
"pub_key": {
"ed25519": "sUkpD9xhOgWna0dv4bSwI7N7CkyH6q1bBDPYhjRolaY="
},
"voting_power": "1",
"proposer_priority": "-3"
},
{
"address": "Ua+R3vfKH1LWhRg/k8PbA/uSLnc=",
"pub_key": {
"ed25519": "H+7myYFFaCBTAxPiYaTX4IZIRtaUu+rcJVp+doLxd8c="
},
"voting_power": "1",
"proposer_priority": "1"
},
{
"address": "Uns+2wsfv6IYTpOnYfAnPplVzTE=",
"pub_key": {
"ed25519": "QMHyl6i2OjmMEh73VXS5QBdsQ1vQ2mU3XzKGAhnKqmc="
},
"voting_power": "1",
"proposer_priority": "1"
},
{
"address": "sS7FyKFPDEG7StI+4o3+6fZy1pY=",
"pub_key": {
"ed25519": "uSNKjObXRHsNslEdqdublnVDa4Vc2aoCpr0j+Fuvv5U="
},
"voting_power": "1",
"proposer_priority": "1"
}
],
"proposer": {
"address": "CbKqPquy50bcrY7JRdW7zXybSuA=",
"pub_key": {
"ed25519": "sUkpD9xhOgWna0dv4bSwI7N7CkyH6q1bBDPYhjRolaY="
},
"voting_power": "1",
"proposer_priority": "-3"
},
"total_voting_power": "0"
}
}
}
Report equivocation infractions with Hermes
Ensure you have a well-configured Hermes v1.7.3+ relayer effectively relaying packets between a consumer chain and a provider chain.
The following command demonstrates how to run a Hermes instance in evidence mode to detect misbehaviors on a consumer chain and automatically submit the evidence to the provider chain.
hermes evidence --chain <CONSUMER-CHAIN-ID>
Note that hermes evidence takes a --check-past-blocks option giving the possibility to look for older evidence (default is 100).
Infraction parameters
Jailing and slashing for misbehavior on a consumer chain are governed by parameters defined on the provider chain for that specific consumer chain. To create or update these infraction parameters, use the MsgCreateConsumer or MsgUpdateConsumer messages. When creating a consumer chain, if custom infraction parameters are not specified, default values from the provider are applied. For updates, parameters can be modified immediately if the chain is in the pre-launch phase. If the chain has already launched, the update will be scheduled to take effect after the unbonding period expires. This ensures that changes are applied seamlessly based on the chain's lifecycle.